FATIMA SAJJAD; UMBREEN JAVAID. Islam, West and Constantinople – A Historical Overview of Evolution of the ‘Turkish Model’ in PreModern Age. Hamdard Islamicus, [S. l.], v. 39, n. 3, 2021. DOI: 10.57144/hi.v39i3.109. Disponível em: https://mail.hamdardislamicus.com.pk/index.php/hi/article/view/109. Acesso em: 31 jul. 2026.